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Two-wheeled electric vehicle touch screen for the unique requirements of the touch controller
Date:January 1, 2025    Views:33
Microchip Technology Inc.
Product Marketing Manager, HMI Department
Vivek Tyagi
    While numerous articles about the future of transportation have focused on four-wheeled electric vehicles, in many countries, such as India, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, mobility is more dependent on economical two-wheeled electric vehicles, including pedal scooters, heavy motorcycles, electric scooters, electric mopeds and electric bicycles. These two-wheeled electric vehicles follow the design trend of four-wheeled electric vehicles and use touch screens to control them instead of physical knobs, buttons and mechanical dials.

    The use of touch screen control makes it easy for two-wheeled electric vehicle designers to design vehicles with a modern look, flexible layout and style, and allows them to easily customize by different models or even specific vehicles. The easy-to-use menu system meets the more complex control, display and functional requirements of a two-wheeled electric vehicle, while enabling value-added features such as navigation, infotainment systems, remote payments and vehicle security.

    The touch screen of the two-wheeled electric vehicle is often exposed to the harsh outdoor environment and is vulnerable to rain, snow, dust or sand. In hot climates, two-wheeled electric vehicles are sometimes parked in direct sunlight, subject to strong ultraviolet and infrared radiation. In addition, they are prone to accidents or vandalism. With these factors in mind, two-wheeled electric vehicles are suitable for IP65/68 rated touch screens and thick cover glass to protect the touch sensor and LCD or OLED display elements below. To protect against sunlight and ultraviolet rays, UV/infrared filters are required, while anti-reflection/anti-glare coatings are applied to improve the visibility of the display in all lighting conditions. Therefore, the display layer requires a thick layering design, and each additional layer puts the finger further away from the capacitive touch sensor. The farther away it is, the more difficult it is to accurately detect touch operations on the screen surface.
    In cold areas, touch screens are often operated by riders wearing thick gloves, which further increases the distance between the fingers and the touch sensor. In addition, in rain and snow weather, rain and snow on the screen may also lead to miscontact or leakage. A good touch screen must not only be able to reliably track the path of your fingers on the screen, but also be able to detect multi-fingered gestures made in wet environments while wearing thick gloves to control functions such as on-screen navigation maps. The touch screen needs to meet the various requirements brought about by environmental conditions, which puts forward strict requirements for the touch screen controller IC, which must be able to meet the following requirements in the display design:

     Thicker display stacks: ouch screen controllers must support a great deal of freedom to design a variety of different layers on top of the touch sensors in the display stacks. The use of glass with an equivalent thickness of 10 mm or more is advanced in the industry and can support the application of anti-reflective and anti-glare coatings on touch sensors, as well as the use of 4 mm thick cover glass and 3 mm thick gloves for operation. Alternatively, touchscreen designers can leave an air gap between the screen and the glass, so that if the screen is damaged, only the upper layer of glass needs to be replaced, rather than the entire display. With this thicker display stack, it becomes more difficult for touch screen controllers to accurately detect and decode finger touch operations. Touch screen controllers must be able to meet this challenge.
    Reliable touch performance:For most or all of their life, two-wheeled electric vehicles are parked or driven outdoors, so the algorithm used in the touch screen controller must ensure that the water droplets are not perceived as false touch, and should only detect finger or glove touch operations. In addition, the touch screen controller should also use a capacitive induction scheme to distinguish between the conductive cleaning liquid (such as bleach) and its mixture with water, and should not cause miscontact.
    Functional safety:Two-wheeled electric vehicles used around the world must have functional safety features to ensure the personal safety of riders when operating touch screens. If features such as navigation and hands-free phones are allowed to be used while driving, it may distract riders. Touch screens may need to be certified to safety standards such as ISO 26262 (ASIL-B), and touch controllers need to have self-testing capabilities, documentation and guidance to support this certification.
    Security:In some cases where two-wheeled electric vehicles are frequently rented, the touch screen can be used to enter a PIN to provide the renter with access to the vehicle, and also support remote payment via credit card/mobile phone tap. In cases where data privacy is involved with touch screen controllers, the controller must provide additional security through encryption and firmware authentication.
    Noise resistance:The electric drive circuit that powers the traction motor generates radiated and conducted electromagnetic noise, while the vehicle battery charger based on the switching power supply also introduces noise into the vehicle's power line. Electric vehicles are often charged at different times by different chargers made by different manufacturers, and these chargers have different noise characteristics. In addition, the vehicle's lighting system may generate conducted noise in the power line, and even the LCD or OLED display in the control panel can generate electromagnetic noise. These noise sources, if not properly controlled, may reduce the functionality of the touch screen and its controller. Therefore, the touch screen controller should be designed with a noise filtering algorithm to ensure that there will be no false activation of the touch screen, especially during vehicle driving.
    A variety of screens ranging from 2 "to 34" and with different aspect ratios
    Thick cover glass up to 10 mm thick with an air gap of 0.2 mm or greater
    Wearing a 5 mm thick glove (such as winter ski gloves or motorcycle gloves) can also be accurately detected by touch
    Moisture-proof function prevents miscontact caused by water droplets, running water, 3.5% brine and cleaning solution
    Encrypt messages and hide PIN configurations
    Interoperability with NFC technology
    High conducted noise immunity (Class A IEC 61000-4-6 certification)
    Self-diagnosis and reporting functions
    Linux®/AndroidTM operating system
    Vehicle design is very complex, and the design of two-wheeled electric vehicles is no exception. Like four-wheel electric vehicles, two-wheel electric vehicle designers are constantly adding new features and functions to meet the rising expectations of the consumer market. A touch screen with enhanced features, aided by a touch screen controller that supports these features, gives designers the flexibility they need to add new features to the vehicles they design. In addition, the touch screen of the two-wheeled electric vehicle also needs to meet some special requirements, which can be met by carefully considering each requirement in the design, and by carefully designing the touch screen display screen and carefully selecting the touch screen controller to solve the requirements.

 


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