The precise control principle of DC motors

The principle of precise control of DC motors ‌‌主It mainly includes the following aspects:

1. ‌Brushes and commutators ‌：A DC motor converts the DC current provided by the DC power supply into alternating current in the armature winding through brushes and commutators, thereby achieving the rotation of the motor. The presence of brushes and commutators causes the current direction to change each time the commutation occurs, thus ensuring that the motor can continuously rotate ‌.

2. ‌Electronic commutation ‌：In a DC brushless motor (BLDC), the current direction of the stator winding is controlled by an electronic commutator (controller), causing the stator to generate a rotating magnetic field, which in turn drives the rotor with permanent magnets to rotate. This design fundamentally solves the problems of wear, sparks and maintenance caused by brush friction in brushed motors, achieving more reliable and precise motor control ‌.

3. ‌Hall sensor ‌：Hall sensors are used to detect the position of the magnetic poles of the rotor's permanent magnets and feed the position signal back to the controller in real time as the basis for electronic commutation. The controller readjust the power supply direction of the motor winding according to these signals to ensure that the motor can continuously rotate ‌.

4. ‌Pulse width modulation technology‌：The speed is controlled by adjusting the current size through pulse width modulation technology. This technology enables DC brushless motors to maintain a stable rotor speed even when the load changes, achieving precise speed control ‌.