In summary, the motor is rotated by switching the polarity of the electromagnet at the appropriate point in time. The difference between vacuum tube speakers and transistor speakers is mainly reflected in audio amplification technology, sound quality characteristics, power efficiency, maintenance requirements and so on. Specifically, the differences between the two can be understood from the following aspects:

1. How it works
Vacuum tube speaker (vacuum tube speaker) :
Tube speakers use electronic tubes (also known as vacuum tubes or watt tubes) as the main audio amplification element. The tube uses the flow of electrons in a vacuum tube to amplify the audio signal, usually operating at high voltages and providing unique audio characteristics.
Transistor speaker:
Transistor speakers use transistors as the main audio amplification components. Transistors use semiconductor materials (such as silicon) to control the flow of electricity, thus enabling the amplification of audio signals. Transistor amplifiers usually operate at low voltages.

2. Sound quality performance
Vacuum tube speaker:
Tube speakers are generally considered to be able to provide "warm" sound quality, especially in the mid-frequency and high frequency bands, the sound is softer, rounded, and has certain distortion characteristics, which is caused by the nonlinear characteristics of the tube. Many music lovers and audiophiles prefer tube speakers, believing that they can provide a richer, more emotional music experience.
In particular, tube distortion (such as slight "harmonic distortion") can increase the "musicality" and "human touch" of the sound, making it sound more natural and emotional.
Transistor speaker:
The sound quality of the transistor speaker is clear and clean, and the distortion is low. Modern transistor speakers can provide a very linear sound output, which is especially suitable for Hi-Fi audio equipment. Although the sound quality is more accurate, some people think that it lacks the "warmth" and "thickness" of vacuum tube speakers.

3. Power efficiency and volume
Vacuum tube speaker:
Vacuum tube speakers usually have low power and low efficiency. This means that more power is needed to deliver a larger volume, and tube amplifiers are generally larger and heavier.
Due to the large amount of heat generated when the tube is working, the tube speaker often needs a better heat dissipation design.
Transistor speaker:
Transistor speakers have higher power efficiency, can provide greater power output, and small size, light weight. Modern transistor speakers are often compact in design, suitable for portability and high performance requirements.

4. Durability and maintenance
Vacuum tube speaker:
The tube is a consumable component that will age after a period of use, manifested as a decline in sound quality or insufficient power. The tube needs to be replaced regularly, which increases the cost and complexity of maintenance.
The tube may also be damaged by excessive heat, so it requires more careful maintenance and maintenance.
Transistor speaker:
Transistors have a longer service life and hardly need to be replaced as regularly as vacuum tubes. Transistor components have good stability and can maintain good performance under harsh working conditions.
Because they don't generate a lot of heat, transistor speakers are more durable and less expensive to maintain.

5. Volume and design
Vacuum tube speaker:
Due to the large size of the tube and the need for more complex circuit and heat dissipation design, the tube speaker is usually relatively large, and the appearance often has the characteristics of retro and classic.
Transistor speaker:
Transistor speakers are usually smaller in size and more modern in shape, allowing them to be more compact and lightweight.

Step 6: Price
Vacuum tube speaker:
Due to the high cost of tube manufacturing and the need for more complex circuit design, the price of tube speakers is usually more expensive. In addition, the cost of maintaining vacuum tube speakers is also relatively high.
Transistor speaker:
Transistor speakers are usually cheaper than vacuum tube speakers because of their lower component prices and mature production processes. The overall price is moderate and suitable for a wider consumer group.

7. Use occasion
Vacuum tube speaker:
Tube speakers are often favored by audiophiles and audiophiles, especially for high-end audio systems, band performances, and some classic music playback. It offers a unique charm in sound quality, so it is used to pursue the high-end field of sound quality.
Transistor speaker:
Because of its small size, high power and easy maintenance, transistor speakers are widely used in home theater, portable audio, public address system and modern audio equipment.

In SUMMARY:
Sound quality: vacuum tube speakers provide more "warm", rich "musical" sound, suitable for audiophiles to pursue delicate sound quality; Transistor speakers, on the other hand, provide clearer and more accurate audio output with less distortion, making them suitable for users who value authentic and accurate sound.
Efficiency and durability: Transistor speakers have high power efficiency, small size, and low maintenance costs; Vacuum tube speakers are less powerful and require more frequent maintenance.
Price: Tube speakers are usually more expensive, while transistor speakers are more affordable.