Previously, getting high-quality sound quality from audio amplifiers cost thousands of dollars and also relied on large, bulky, high-power Class A amplifiers. Now, the advent of GaN FETs and GaN ics ushered in the era of high-quality, low-cost Class D audio amplifiers.
Historically, in order to meet the distortion performance targets (THD+N, TIM, and IM) required for high-quality sound, Class D amplifiers had to incorporate a large number of feedback circuits to compensate for poor open-loop performance. The source of this distortion is a silicon power MOSFET.
The processor of a Class D amplifier produces a small high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) signal that represents the audio signal. In a half-bridge or full-bridge configuration, the power transistor converts the small signal into a large signal and passes it through a filter to drive the speaker. Since each pulse is a square wave, increasing the frequency can better represent the audio signal. During each switching cycle, the power supply dissipates through switching losses and conduction losses, thus balancing sound quality, operating frequency, and power consumption.
The power stage goal of a Class D amplifier is to achieve accurate replication of a large signal from a small signal source while reducing heat dissipation. The superior switching and thermal properties of GAN-based FETs and ics produce waveforms that are closer to the desired ideal than those that can be achieved with silicon MOSFETs.
GaN technology enables consumers to enjoy the benefits of Class D amplifiers over Class A amplifiers. More and more manufacturers are releasing designs based on gallium nitride. Premium Audio's Mini GaN 5 is a dual-channel gallium nitride balanced audio power amplifier. The amplifier has a power of 200W RMS (8 ohms) per channel. The Mini GaN 5 can also drive 4 ohm or even 2 ohm speakers. Despite its small size (9 ¾ "wide, 7" long, 1 ¾ "high), the sound quality is impressive. THD+N is about 0.006%, gain: low gain =26dB, medium gain =28dB, high gain =32dB.
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