Optical fiber transceiver is an indispensable device in network data transmission, so what is the optical fiber transceiver, what is the composition of the optical fiber transceiver, and what role does the optical fiber transceiver play in the process of data transmission?

    Optical fiber transceiver includes three basic functional modules: photoelectric medium conversion chip, optical signal interface (optical transceiver integrated module) and electrical signal interface (RJ45), if equipped with network management function, it also includes network management information processing unit.

    Optical Fiber transceiver, is a short-distance twisted pair electrical signal and long-distance optical signal for the exchange of Ethernet transmission media conversion unit, in many places also known as photoelectric Converter (Fiber Converter). The product is generally used in the actual network environment where Ethernet cables cannot be covered and optical fibers must be used to extend the transmission distance, and is usually located in the access layer application of the broadband metropolitan area network. It has also played a huge role in helping to connect the last mile of fiber to the metropolitan area network and beyond.

    In some large-scale enterprises, the network construction directly uses optical fiber as the transmission medium to establish the backbone network, and the transmission medium of the internal LAN is generally copper wire, how to achieve the LAN connected to the optical fiber backbone network? This requires the conversion between different ports, different lines, different fibers and ensure the quality of the link. The appearance of optical fiber transceiver, the twisted pair electrical signal and optical signal are converted to each other, ensuring the smooth transmission of data packets between the two networks, and it extends the transmission distance limit of the network from 100 meters of copper wire to more than 100 kilometers (single-mode fiber).

    What are the basic characteristics of optical transceivers:
    1. Full transparency to network protocols.
    2. Provide ultra-low latency data transmission.
    3. Support ultra-wide operating temperature range. 

    4. Using dedicated ASIC chip to realize data wire speed forwarding. Programmable ASIC integrates many functions into one chip, which has the advantages of simple design, high reliability, low power consumption, etc., so that the device can get higher performance and lower cost.
    5. Network management equipment can provide network diagnosis, upgrade, status report, abnormal situation report and control functions, can provide a complete operation log and alarm log.
    6. Rack-type devices can be hot-swappable for easy maintenance and uninterrupted upgrade.
    7. Support complete transmission distance (0 ~ 120 km).
    8. The equipment adopts 1+1 power supply design to support ultra-wide power supply voltage to achieve power protection and automatic switching.

    Classification of optical transceivers:
    There are many types of optical fiber transceivers, and their types change accordingly according to different classification methods.
    According to the properties of fiber, it can be divided into multi-mode fiber transceivers and single-mode fiber transceivers. Due to the different optical fibers used, the distance that the transceiver can transmit is not the same, the transmission distance of the multi-mode transceiver is generally between 2 km and 5 km, and the range of the single-mode transceiver can be covered from 20 km to 120 km;

    According to the required fiber can be divided into a single fiber fiber transceiver: receiving and sending data in one fiber transmission; Dual fiber transceiver: Receiving and transmitting data over a pair of fibers.
    According to the working level/rate, it can be divided into single 10M, 100M optical transceiver, 10/100M adaptive optical transceiver and 1000M optical transceiver. According to the structure, it can be divided into desktop (independent) fiber transceiver and rack-type fiber transceiver. The desktop fiber optic transceiver is suitable for a single user, such as meeting the uplink of a single switch in the corridor. The rack-mounted (modular) optical transceiver is suitable for multi-user convergence. For example, the central equipment room of the community must meet the requirements for connecting all switches in the community.

    According to network management, it can be divided into network management fiber transceiver and non-network management fiber transceiver.
    According to the management type can be divided into, unmanaged Ethernet optical transceiver: plug and play, through the hardware dip switch to set the electrical port working mode. Network management Ethernet fiber transceiver: supports carrier-grade network management
    According to the type of power supply can be divided built-in power optical transceiver: built-in switching power supply for carrier-grade power supply; External power Fiber transceiver: External transformer power is mostly used in civilian equipment. The advantage of the former is that it can support ultra-wide power supply voltage, better achieve voltage regulation, filtering and equipment power protection, and reduce external fault points caused by mechanical contact; The advantage of the latter is that the device is small and cheap.
     According to the working mode, full duplex means that when the data transmission and reception shunt, respectively transmitted by two different transmission lines, both sides of the communication can be sent and received at the same time, such a transmission mode is full duplex, full duplex mode without direction switching, so, No time delay due to switching operation;
    half duplex means that the same transmission line is used to receive and send, although the data can be transmitted in both directions, but the communication parties can not send and receive data at the same time, such a transmission method is half duplex.
    When the half duplex mode is used, the transmitter and receiver at each end of the communication system are transferred to the communication line through the receive/send switch, and the direction is switched, so there is a time delay.
    These are some of the basic common sense about optical fiber transceivers, we can only be sure when we have a basic understanding of optical fiber transceivers, so as not to add trouble to the construction.