USB battery chargers play a crucial role in our daily lives, providing power for various portable devices such as electric toys, smart phones, laptops, power tools and electric bicycles. With a series of significant advantages, USB Type-C (USB-C interface) has surpassed other USB types and become the universal standard for wired charging and data transmission.
Modern USB-C chargers equipped with the latest Power Delivery 3.1 (PD 3.1) charging protocol can now provide a power output of up to 240 watts (W), which greatly reduces the charging time and enhances the overall user experience at the same time. In addition, the adoption of wide bandgap semiconductors in hardware systems is bringing revolutionary efficiency improvements to charging devices: it not only reduces energy loss but also helps to shrink the size of the equipment.
Block diagram of USB-C battery charger
The following block diagram shows the USB-C battery charger solution designed by onsemi. This figure illustrates the power management and power conversion technologies used in USB-C battery chargers. The components adopted include TP PFC controllers, high-frequency quasi-resonant flyback /LLC controllers, gate drivers, synchronous rectifier circuits, as well as iGaN and MOSFET devices. These components are divided into two parts: the primary side and the secondary side, to enhance the system efficiency. As shown in the following device table, most functional module devices can adopt ON Semiconductor's solutions.
USB-C battery charger - AC input
USB-C Battery charger - DC Input (Automatic)
As shown in Table 1, with its strong technical expertise, ON Semiconductor provides a complete set of efficient system reference designs and evaluation boards.
Table 1: ON Semiconductor USB-C PD System Evaluation Board Series
240W TP CrM PFC + dual-switch flyback reference design
This design adopts the ON Semiconductor power management controller solution, including: TP PFC controller, high-frequency quasi-resonant flyback controller, half-bridge gate driver and synchronous rectification controller, and realizes power switching through the gate driver integrated with GaN FET. It is specially developed for the 240W USB-C PD3.1 adapter solution.
· AC input voltage range: 90V to 264V
· Adopt totem pole CrM PFC + dual-switch quasi-resonant flyback topology
High-frequency operation is achieved by using iGaN devices
The simulation circuit supports the PD3.1 multi-channel output protocol
· Output voltages: 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V, 20V, 28V, 36V and 48V / 5A
· Ripple and noise: <150 mV
· Efficiency: Average 94.75% / 95.43% and full load 95.12%/ 96.17% @115VAC / 230VAC and 48V / 5A
· Output protection: Precise overvoltage protection (OVP), overcurrent protection (OCP), short-circuit protection (SCP), and open-loop protection
· PCBA dimensions: 89×51×21.5mm, power density 40W/ cubic inch
USB-C port controller
On Semiconductor's USB-C port controller features autonomous operation, combining high energy efficiency and pressure resistance, thereby enhancing the stability, performance and cost-effectiveness of the system. This controller is a fully configured USB-C PD controller, suitable for solutions up to 100W. Its power consumption is 40 times lower than that of competitors, making it an ideal choice for modern electronic devices.
USB-C PD controller FUSB302B/T
For system designers who expect to implement DRP/SRC/SNK USB Type-C connectors but require a small amount of programming.
Main features
· Supports USB Type-C 1.3 and Power Delivery (PD) 2.0 and 3.0 standards
It provides complete open-source software support, covering all working modes as well as ARM, Linux and PIC hardware platforms
Integrate CCx into the VCONN switch
· Robust BMC receiver fault-tolerant mechanism
Supports multiple product ids and offers a variety of I2C slave address options
· Series product differences:
The o FUSB302B-DRP can achieve the charging function when the battery is completely drained
The o FUSB302T-SRC is suitable for travel chargers that require power savings
It adopts a 14-pin MLP package (2.50mmx2.50mm), -B/T/VMPX
It adopts a 9-point WCSP package (1.260mmx1.215mm), -BUCX
USB-C controller FUSB303B
Support access through configurable I2C addresses to control multiple ports in a single system, or fully autonomous operation can be achieved solely through pin configuration.
Main features
· Fully self-configured Type-C controller
Supports USB Type-C specification version 1.3
o can be configured in Source, Sink and DRP modes, and supports peripheral functions
Configure the Source and Sink through Try.SRC and Try.SNK
o is configured via GPIO or I2C
A unique detection algorithm ensures stable connection even when non-compliant cables or components are used
The connector pins support up to 28V DC voltage and 4kV HBM ESD protection
· Wide voltage supply range: 2.7V to 5.5V VDD
It adopts a 12-pin QFN (1.6mm x1.6mm x0.375mm) package
On Semiconductor's USB-C port controller features autonomous operation, combining high energy efficiency and pressure resistance, thereby enhancing the stability, performance and cost-effectiveness of the system. This controller is a fully configured USB-C PD controller, suitable for solutions up to 100W. Its power consumption is 40 times lower than that of competitors, making it an ideal choice for modern electronic devices.
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of typical applications
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