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Motor drive circuit with Hall element
Date:April 19, 2025    Views:15

Motor drive circuit with Hall element
    The DC brushless motor uses a permanent magnet rotor to place the required number of Hall devices in the appropriate position of the stator, and their output is connected to the supply circuit of the corresponding stator winding. When the rotor passes near the Hall device, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor causes the energized Hall device to output a voltage to turn on the stator winding power supply circuit, supply power to the corresponding stator winding, generate a magnetic field with the same polarity as the rotor magnetic field, and repulse the rotor to continue rotating. To the next position, the Hall device in the previous position stops working, and the Hall device in the next position is switched on, so that the next winding is energized, and a repulsion field is generated to make the rotor continue to rotate. This cycle keeps the motor working. The working principle is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Work of Hall element in brushless motor (HG is Hall element)
    Here, the Hall device acts as a position sensor to detect the position of the rotor magnetic pole. Its output makes the stator winding power supply circuit turn off and switch. When the rotor magnetic pole leaves, the previous Hall device stops working and the next device starts working, so that the rotor magnetic pole always faces the repulsion magnetic field, and the Hall device acts as the stator current reversing.
    A Hall device in a brushless motor can use either a Hall component or a Hall switching circuit. When using Hall components, it is generally necessary to connect an external amplifier circuit, as shown in Figure 2. Using Hall switching circuit, the motor winding can be directly driven, so that the line is greatly simplified, as shown in Figure 3.

图2采用霍尔元件的电机驱动电路 (图中的H 为霍尔元件)

Figure 3. Circuit diagram of direct motor drive with CS2018 Hall switch locking circuit (the coil in the figure is the stator winding of the motor)






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